Armenia’s foreign policy in 2024 was marked by both an expansion of diplomatic ties and unresolved fundamental issues related to regional security, human rights protection, and geopolitical orientation. The broadening of Armenia’s diplomatic activities, alongside certain shortcomings in addressing core challenges, reflects the dual nature of the country’s foreign relations.
One notable event in 2024 was Armenia’s recognition of the State of Palestine and the establishment of diplomatic relations. While this decision demonstrated Armenia’s intent to engage with diverse regions, it also raised questions about its implications. This recognition, in the context of a conflict-ridden region, may signal a shift in Armenia’s stance. Questions remain about the impact this decision could have on Armenia’s broader relations in the Middle East.
Armenia also expanded its diplomatic presence globally by opening a new embassy in Uruguay, strengthening ties with Latin America—a region where Armenia has historically had limited engagement. Diplomatic offices were also opened in Luxembourg and Serbia, demonstrating Armenia’s intention to enhance its presence in different parts of Europe. The elevation of diplomatic missions in Cyprus and Hungary to resident embassies underscored Armenia’s efforts to deepen relations with these countries. Cyprus’s reciprocal opening of an embassy in Yerevan further reflects mutual interest in stronger ties. However, these expansions require not only financial resources but also strategic foresight to achieve tangible results.
From a regional perspective, Armenia’s foreign policy in 2024 revealed several unresolved issues. The ceding of territories in the Tavush region to Azerbaijan, recognizing Azerbaijan’s authority over them, was perceived domestically as a concession of Armenia’s sovereign rights. This decision sparked public discontent and raised international concerns regarding Armenia’s territorial integrity.
The protection of the rights of forcibly displaced people from Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) also received inadequate attention. Despite the ongoing humanitarian crisis, Armenia failed to sufficiently engage the international community or exert pressure to address the issue. The situation of Armenian prisoners of war and hostages held in Azerbaijan remains a significant concern. Despite the trilateral agreement of 2020, Armenia has not succeeded in securing their return, highlighting the weaknesses in its diplomatic efforts.
Meanwhile, Azerbaijan continues its aggressive policy aimed at seizing additional Armenian territories, undermining efforts to establish regional peace. These challenges are compounded by unresolved issues related to the demand for a corridor to Nakhichevan and the territories of Armenia that remain occupied by Azerbaijan.
Armenia’s foreign policy often appears fragmented and contradictory. On the one hand, Armenia joined the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, a significant step in aligning with international law. However, this has not been leveraged to initiate cases against Azerbaijan, raising questions about whether this decision was a tool for legal action or merely a symbolic gesture for domestic audiences.
A lack of clarity also characterizes Armenia’s geopolitical orientation. It remains uncertain whether the country is moving toward European integration or continuing to align itself within Russia’s sphere of influence. This ambiguity undermines trust with partner countries and complicates Armenia’s ability to establish reliable international relationships.
While Armenia’s diplomatic expansion is an important step, it also exposes deeper issues within its foreign policy. Clear strategies and balanced measures are necessary to protect Armenia’s national interests and ensure regional stability.
