The deterioration of relations between Armenia and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) has recently underscored the organization’s inability and inefficiency. Yerevan is signaling a possible withdrawal from the CSTO, citing the failure of Russia and the CSTO to fulfill their obligations, which has negatively impacted Armenia’s security.
The CSTO, established as a collective security organization, was meant to ensure the protection of its members. However, in recent years, this mandate has been ignored. During Azerbaijani aggression against Armenia, the CSTO remained a passive observer rather than a security guarantor. This indifference has significantly undermined its reputation.
Russia, as the key player in the CSTO, has focused more on its geopolitical interests, often neglecting the needs of member states. Armenia has repeatedly pointed out Russia’s neutrality and, at times, inaction. Despite its political and economic leverage, Moscow has been unable to restrain Azerbaijan’s actions. This reflects not only the CSTO’s weakness but also Russia’s inability to lead the organization effectively.
Despite CSTO’s failures, the Armenian government’s shortcomings are also evident. For years, the government remained dependent on the CSTO without pursuing alternative alliances or securing the nation’s safety through new strategic agreements. Prime Minister Pashinyan’s statements about reaching a “point of no return” with the CSTO are valid, but Armenia’s diplomatic and defense strategies have limited its options.
Armenia must reassess its foreign policy trajectory, focusing on sovereign and diverse strategic partnerships. The rift with the CSTO should serve as a stepping stone toward forging new alliances. Russia and the CSTO have proven their limited efficiency, and Armenia must seek broader alliances that offer real security support.