Friedrich Merz Becomes Germany’s Chancellor After Second Vote
Friedrich Merz, leader of Germany’s Christian Democratic Union (CDU), was elected as the country’s new chancellor on May 6, 2025, following a dramatic second vote in the Bundestag. This marked a historic moment in post-war German politics, as no chancellor candidate had previously failed to secure a majority in the first round of voting.
Initial Defeat in the Bundestag
Merz’s path to the chancellorship was far from smooth. During the first vote held earlier that day, he fell short of the required 316 votes, securing only 310. This was a significant setback for Merz and his coalition, which includes the CDU, its Bavarian sister party the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Social Democrats (SPD). Together, the coalition holds 328 seats in the Bundestag, theoretically enough to ensure a majority.
The failure to secure the majority in the first round raised questions about internal dissent within the coalition. As the votes were conducted via secret ballot, it remains unclear whether the dissent came from SPD members, CDU/CSU members, or both. Bundestag President Julia Klöckner revealed that nine MPs were absent, three abstained, and one ballot was declared invalid during the first vote.
Second Vote Secures Victory
After hours of uncertainty and negotiations, a second vote was held later in the day. This time, Merz secured 325 votes, narrowly surpassing the required majority. The result allowed him to avoid a political crisis and proceed with forming a government. Merz was sworn in as Germany’s 10th post-war chancellor by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier shortly after the vote.
Merz’s victory in the second round was seen as a relief for his coalition partners, who were eager to move forward with their governance agenda. Jens Spahn, a parliamentary leader from the CDU, emphasized the importance of stability, stating, “All of Europe, perhaps the whole world, is watching this ballot.”
Challenges Ahead for Merz’s Government
Merz’s coalition has outlined an ambitious agenda to address Germany’s pressing challenges. Key priorities include reviving economic growth through measures such as reducing corporate taxes and lowering energy prices. The government also plans to increase military spending and provide strong support for Ukraine amid ongoing geopolitical tensions.
However, the initial dissent within the coalition highlights potential challenges in maintaining unity. Some political commentators speculate that the dissent may have stemmed from SPD members dissatisfied with the coalition agreement or from CDU/CSU members unhappy with Merz’s leadership style.
Reactions from Political Opponents
Merz’s initial defeat was seized upon by political opponents, including the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party. AfD co-leader Alice Weidel called for fresh elections, arguing that the coalition’s narrow victory demonstrated its weak foundation. Despite these criticisms, SPD officials reiterated their commitment to the coalition, with senior MP Ralf Stegner stating, “I don’t have the slightest impression that our parliamentary group wouldn’t have known our responsibility.”
Merz’s immediate focus will be on consolidating his government and addressing Germany’s economic and social challenges. His first foreign trips as chancellor are scheduled to include visits to Paris and Warsaw, followed by participation in VE Day events and a NATO meeting. These engagements will provide Merz with opportunities to establish himself as a statesman on the international stage.
As Merz begins his tenure, the political drama surrounding his election serves as a reminder of the complexities of coalition politics in Germany. His ability to navigate these challenges will be crucial in determining the success of his government.
Source: BBC, Reuters