The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to global mental and physical health, but it also provided a unique opportunity to study the interplay between mental well-being and physical activity. A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, reveals that mental well-being and physical activity may form a positive, self-reinforcing cycle, particularly among older adults.
The study, published in BMC Public Health, found that individuals who experienced higher levels of positive affectivity—characterized by feelings of joy, enthusiasm, and energy—were more likely to maintain or even increase their physical activity levels during the pandemic. This was especially true for participants aged 60 to 61, who demonstrated a stronger link between positive mental states and active lifestyles compared to those over 70. Postdoctoral researcher Tiina Savikangas, one of the study’s authors, noted, “Mental well-being is an important resource for physical activity. Those who have such resources are more likely to stay active, even during exceptional circumstances.”
In contrast, depressive feelings were associated with lower physical activity levels and a higher likelihood of reducing activity. This connection was particularly pronounced among participants over 70, suggesting that the impact of mental health on physical activity may vary with age. The study also highlighted that depressive feelings encompass more than just negative emotions; they can include symptoms like insomnia and loss of appetite, making them a more comprehensive risk factor for reduced physical activity.
While previous research has established that physical activity enhances mental well-being, this study underscores the reciprocal nature of the relationship. Mental well-being, particularly positive affectivity, can also serve as a catalyst for maintaining an active lifestyle. This bidirectional relationship creates a positive feedback loop, where mental and physical health mutually reinforce each other.
The findings have significant implications for public health strategies, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Savikangas emphasizes, “Supporting mental well-being is crucial for promoting a physically active lifestyle, even in societal emergencies. However, the focus should not only be on preventing depressive feelings but also on strengthening the positive side of mental well-being.”
The research drew on data from two longitudinal studies: the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS) and the Promoting Safe Walking Among Older Adults (PASSWORD) project. Participants, aged 60 to 88, reported their physical activity levels and mental well-being during the pandemic. Factors such as gender, marital status, education, employment, and perceived health were also considered.
The study provides compelling evidence that mental well-being and physical activity are deeply interconnected, forming a positive cycle that can enhance overall health. As societies continue to navigate the aftermath of the pandemic, fostering mental well-being—particularly positive affectivity—may be key to encouraging physical activity and resilience, especially among older adults. By understanding and leveraging this relationship, public health initiatives can better support individuals in maintaining both mental and physical health, even in the face of adversity.