The Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC) of Singapore has formally requested the High Court to declare Iris Koh and her husband, Raymond Ng, as vexatious litigants. The move, presented to Justice Hoo Sheau Peng on July 15, 2026, aims to curb what state prosecutors describe as a calculated strategy of “lawfare” designed to weaponize the civil justice system for personal gain.
The Argument Against ‘Lawfare’
Deputy Solicitor-General Vincent Leow, representing the AGC, argued that the couple has established a “business model” of litigation. According to the state, the pair frequently initiates defamation suits—often supported by public crowdfunding—without reasonable legal grounds. Leow highlighted that the couple faces little financial risk due to these funds, which he claims they use to further their legal activities, including the development of an AI system intended to automate the filing of defamation claims.
Prosecutors pointed to a series of failed cases, including actions against the Health Sciences Authority (HSA), former Nominated Member of Parliament Calvin Cheng, and the National University of Singapore (NUS). Leow emphasized that while the couple represents themselves, they are still bound by the rules of civil procedure, and their “consistent pattern” of meritless applications has reached a point where judicial intervention is required to protect the integrity of the courts.
Defense and the Right to Access Justice
Attorneys appointed for the couple pushed back against the application, characterizing it as overly broad and potentially prejudicial. Daniel Koh, representing Raymond Ng, argued that his client is a victim of online harassment and that the proposed order would prevent him from seeking legal redress for legitimate grievances, such as in the event of a traffic accident or further defamation.
Nicholas Narayanan, representing Iris Koh, noted that his client has achieved favorable outcomes in several instances, including settlements with media outlets, which he argued demonstrates that her legal actions were not inherently vexatious. Both defense counsel warned that if the court grants the request, it would create an “inequality of arms,” leaving their clients unable to defend themselves against counterclaims.
Broader Implications
The case underscores a growing tension in legal systems globally regarding the intersection of digital activism, crowdfunding, and the accessibility of the courts. The AGC is seeking either a declaration of vexatious litigant status under Section 74 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act or a general civil restraint order under Section 73D, which would require the couple to obtain court permission before filing any new actions for two years.
Justice Hoo Sheau Peng has adjourned the hearing, with a decision expected within the month. The proceedings occur against a backdrop of separate criminal trials for both individuals: Raymond Ng faces cheating charges related to vending machine investments, while Iris Koh is involved in a legal battle concerning alleged false representations regarding COVID-19 vaccinations.